Estradiol is a form of estrogen, which is a key female sex hormone. Estrogen plays important roles in regulating a woman's menstrual cycle, as well as her sexual development and reproduction. Estradiol, specifically, is the most potent and predominant form of estrogen found in a woman's body. Some key facts about estradiol:
- Estradiol is produced mainly by the ovaries, but also to a lesser extent in other tissues like fat and muscle. It is synthesized from other hormones through a series of enzymatic steps.
- Levels of estradiol fluctuate throughout a woman's menstrual cycle. They rise just before ovulation to trigger the release of an egg, then elevate further during the luteal phase to prepare the uterus for potential implantation.
- Menopause - estrogen levels decline as women approach menopause. Very low estradiol is typical during and after menopause.
- Some types of cancers - certain cancers can increase estradiol production. Or treatments like chemotherapy may suppress ovarian estradiol synthesis.
- Pregnancy issues - abnormal estradiol can signal problems with placental function or fetal development.
- Medications like hormone replacement therapy, birth control pills, or aromatase inhibitors impact estradiol levels.
- Heavy, irregular, or absent periods
- Infertility
- Hot flashes and night sweats
- Vaginal dryness
- Mood changes like depression
- Osteoporosis risk